For Population-based Association Studies This book is intended to provide fundamental statistical concepts and tools relevant to the analysis of genetic data arising from population-based association studies. Elementary knowledge of statistical methods at the level of a first course in biostatistics is assumed. Chapters 1{3 provide a general overview of the genetic and epidemiological considerations relevant to this setting. Topics covered include: (1) types of investigations, typical data components and features ;(in genetic association studies, and basic genetic vocabulary (Chapter 1 (2) epidemiological principles relevant to population-based studies, including confounding and efect modification (Chapter 2); (3) elementary statistical methods for estimating and testing association (Chapter 2); (4) the overarching analytical challenges inherent in these investigations (Chapter 2); (5) basic genetic concepts, including linkage disequilibrium, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and haplotypic phase (Chapter 3); and (6) quality control methods for assessing genotyping errors and population substructure (Chapter 3).