The value of pollen analysis as a tool for the reconstruction of past vegetation and environments, and its applications in such areas as climate change studies, archaeology, geology, honey analysis and forensic Science, is now widely known. Many research workers from a variety of different backgrounds, and with a range of different aims and intentions look to pollen analysis as a means of assisting them in their research. These researchers, together with undergraduate and sixth-form students on ecology or biogeography courses, or involved in project work, require an introductory text explaining the opportunities offered by the techniques of pollen analysis and a practical guide to the operation of these techniques and the identification of the pollen grains and spores they will encounter. Those who wish to develop a deeper involvement in the subject also require key references to research papers and specialist text,s that provide more detailed inforri: J.ation. This book supplies all three of these requirements - an introductory guide, a practical manual and a bibliographic source.